Acid Numbers: The specific quantity of potassium hydroxide, KOH, required to counter balance the acid characters. This number is an indication of oil deterioration due to oxidation. The higher the acid number, the more oxidation has taken place.

Automatic Transmission Fluid: Complex lubricating, fluid formulated for use in vehicle transmission. The additives used in ATF's cause the fluid to form emulsions when mixed with water.

Demulsibility: Demulsibility is a measure of a lubricating oils ability to separate from water. It reports the test time required for a specified oil-water emulsion to break This test is run in a constant temperature bath at 54°C where 40 mL of oil and 40 mL of water arc mixed together and the time it takes to separate is recorded. Also, any emulsion formulation is noted. This testing procedure complies with the ASTM D1401-test-method

Density; It is defined as the mass per unit volume, examples of the units include lb/ft3, and g/cm3.

Diester: They are produced by reacting a diacid with a monofunctional alcohol. This type of synthetic has excellent viscosity index and pour points. One disadvantage of diester is their aggressive nature toward clastromeric seals.

Fire Point: The minimum temperature of a combustible fluid at which vapor is produced at a rate sufficient to a sustain combustion when exposed to a flame.

Flash Point: The minimum temperature of a combustible fluid at which vapor is produced at a rate sufficient to yield a combustible mixture when exposed to a flame.

Foam Inhibitor: An additive which causes foam to dissipate more rapidly. It promotes the combination of small bubbles into large bubbles which burst more easily.

Hydrocracked / Hydrotreating: A generic name for the refinery process for treating fuels or lubricant base stocks at elevated temperatures in the presence of hydrogen and a catalyst. In this process, the lubricating feedstock is reacted with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst at a very high temperature (425°C) and high pressure (3200 psig). This procedure changes the chemical structure of the basestock molecules yielding a "semi synthetic"' lubricant basestock.

Mineral Oil: Lubricant base oil that is derived from crude oil in the refining process. The refining process can produce basestock fractions of different quality, examples include solvent refining and hydrotreating. Mineral oils are commonly used for conventional, industrial, and automotive lubricants.

Moisture Content: The amount of water a lubricant can absorb. It is measured in part per million (ppm).

Oxidation Stability: To resist chemical deterioration due to oxidative breakdown caused in lubricants by heat and oxygen.

Polyalkylene GlycoI (PAG): PAG is a common name for the homopolymers of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, or the copolymers of these oxides. This synthetic basestock is produced through the reaction of an alcohol, salt and epoxide. Because of their polar nature, they have an affinity for water.

Polyalphaolefin (PAO): PAO's represent the saturated olefin oligomers class of synthetic lubricants. They are synthetic hydrocarbons manufactured by the catalytic oligomerization of linear a-olefins consisting of approximately 10 carbon atoms. These lubricants posses many desirable characteristics such as: excellent thermal, oxidative, hydrolytic, shear stability, chemical inertness, a high viscosity index and they can be used in wide temperature ranges.

Pour Point: Indication of fluid flow characterize at low temperatures. This is a significant parameter in cold weather start ups. Hence, a low pour point indicates better low temperature flow characteristics.

Semi-Synthetic: Type of basestock produced through a hydrotreating process in which the molecular structure of the basestock has been altered.

Solubility: The ability or tendency of one substance to blend uniformly with another.

Solvent Refining: A process where crude oil undergoes the removal of aromatics and other undesirable constituents of lubricating oil distillates by liquid-liquid extraction. Typical extractants are phenols, furfual, and sulfur dioxide. This type of refining produces mineral oils that are not as chemical stable and degrade more readily in the presence of heat and oxygen when compared to mineral oils generated in the hydrotreating process.

Specific Gravity: It represents a ratio of the density of a substance to the density of a reference substance at a specific condition.

Synthetic: Lubricating oil possessing a base oil that has been manufactured from chemical constituents rather than by conventional refining of petroleum some examples include Polyalphaolefin, (PAO), Polyalkylene Glycol (PAG), and Diesters.

Viscosity: Measure of a fluid resistance to flow. In accordance with the International Standards Organization, ISO, this measurement is reported at 40°C and in units of centistokes.

Viscosity Index: The measure of the rate of change of viscosity with temperature. For example, the higher the VI the less tendency for the lubricants viscosity to change in the presence of thermal fluctuations.

Volatility: Property of a liquid that defines its evaporation characterization